Abstract
Abstract 
 The vegetative filter strips (VFS) are a useful tool used for reducing the movement of sediment and pesticide in therivers. The filter strip’s soil can help in reducing the runoff volume by infiltration. However, the characteristics of VFS (i.e., length) are not recently identified depending on the estimation of VFS modeling performance. The aim of this research is to study these characteristics and determine acorrelation between filter strip length and percent reduction (trapping efficiency) for sediment, water, and pesticide. Two proposed pesticides(one has organic carbon sorption coefficient, Koc, of 147 L/kg which is more moveable than XXXX, and another one has a Koc of 2070 L/kg which is less moveable than XXXX) are presented, where the goal is to prevent 95% of incoming sediment and 85% of the incoming pesticide to reach a receiving stream in still water, Oklahoma from a cultivated field (1250 m²),for 2 hour storm with 5 years return period. Several VFS lengths were simulated including1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 12, and 13 m. The results showed that the percent of reduction of sediment, pesticide, and water mainly depends on VFS lengths. Moreover, considering the design storms range, the simulation illustrated that the optimal filter length was13m for silty clay loam. When the value of was increased from 147 L/kg to 6070 L/kg, the filter length decreased from 13 to 9.5 because of the increase in trapping efficiency. In addition, the results revealed that the trapping efficiency was for sediment but not for water orpesticide which was highly impacted by the narrow filter strips. The amount of the rainfall and runoff of the designated field was larger than the infiltration capacity of filter strips, which resulted in low trapping efficiency for pesticide and water.
 Keywords: Models ,runoff, sediment, vegetative filter strip, , water quality, watershed planning.
Highlights
Watershed planners were encouraged by the U.S Environmental protection agency (USEPA) to use a vegetative filter strip as a tool to control runoff quantity and quality [1] since the amount of surface runoff depends on the amount of rain and watershed characteristics such as soil type, land use, size, vegetation cover, soil moisture condition, and topography [2]
The simulation results clearly showed that increasing the filter strips length will help to increase the trapping efficiencies for sediment and pesticide as shown in Figure (5).The filter strip as narrow as 5 m was estimated to trap nearly 95% of the incoming sediment and only 62% of incoming pesticide, while 13 m strips trapped 99.47% of incoming sediment and 89.9% of incoming pesticide(see Figure(5))
Vegetation filter strips (VFS) are areas planted on purpose along streams, ponds, and lakes to remove sediment, organic materials, and chemicals carried in runoff or wastewater
Summary
Watershed planners were encouraged by the U.S Environmental protection agency (USEPA) to use a vegetative filter strip as a tool to control runoff quantity and quality [1] since the amount of surface runoff depends on the amount of rain and watershed characteristics such as soil type, land use, size, vegetation cover, soil moisture condition, and topography [2]. An effective way to minimize the amount of water and sediment and other contaminants in surface runoff from reaching a stream was needed [3]. Such an effective way is the vegetative filter strip modeling system (VFSMOD-W) which is a computer model to study hydrology, sediment and pollutant through VFS. The goal of VFS is to protect surface water in a number of ways; (1) they trap as much as 75 to 100 percent of water’s sediment by infiltrating the surface water; (2) they hold nutrients in runoff through adsorption to soil particles; (3) they increase degradation so that the pollutant become less toxic; (4) they prevent over 60% of certain pathogens form the runoff. As the strips width increases the amount of runoff and sediment increases
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