Abstract
This research compared tertiary irrigation management in the Municipality and Regency of Tegal, the Regency of Jembrana, and the Regency of Hulu Langat Selangor Malaysia. Malaysia has been developing water board at National and State Level. Although the two countries differed in governmental arrangements, the locus used in this research experienced the same level of governments. Verstehen has been as a general framework of this research approach. Qualitative and descriptive were the method of this research. Data are gathered using eclectic-triangulation methods and analyzed with multilevel tools. This research concluded that the tertiary irrigation in those three locus in Indonesia were not established based on functional decentralization, eventhough it has potential to do so. It is different from Malaysia which is fully centralized through deconcentration. Only the teritorial decentralization is the basic of tertiary irrigation management in Indonesia. Functional decentralization is not being practiced in tertiary irrigation management both in Indonesia and Malaysia. Empirically, Government should improve the performance of irrigation organization at the grassroot level in order to increase the whole agricultural performance which creating special local regime in the irrigation management. Furthermore, amandment to the constitution of 18th article should induce the concept of functional decentralization that was practiced in Indonesian local government system in 1920.
Highlights
This research compared tertiary irrigation management in the Municipality and Regency of Tegal, the Regency of Jembrana, and the Regency of Hulu Langat Selangor Malaysia
This research concluded that the tertiary irrigation in those three locus in Indonesia were not established based on functional decentralization, eventhough it has potential to do so
It is different from Malaysia which is fully centralized through deconcentration
Summary
Departemen Administrasi Negara, FISIP, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia. Penelitian ini membandingkan antara praktik pengelolaan air irigasi tertier di Kabupaten dan Kota Tegal dengan model Dharma Tirta, Subak di Kabupaten Jembrana Bali, dan di Hulu Langat, Malaysia. Penelitian ini tidak mempersoalkan bentuk negara, sehingga walaupun Hulu Langat tepat di bawah Negara Bagian Selangor, yang seharusnya secara normatif berbanding dengan Provinsi di Indonesia; dalam penelitian ini disejajarkan dengan Kabupaten/Kota ditilik dari luas wilayah dan keseluruhan jenjang pemerintahan di Malaysia. Berbagai key informan diperlukan dalam penelitian karya ini dengan teknik analisis multilevel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga praktik bukanlah ejawantah dari desentralisasi fungsional walaupun di Indonesia potensial mengarah ke dalam praktik desentralisasi fungsional, sedangkan di Malaysia sepenuhnya sentralisasi melalui aparatus dekonsentrasi dengan karakter masing-masing. Praktik desentralisasi di Indonesia khususnya di bidang irigasi, baru menyangkut desentralisasi territorial, sedangkan desentralisasi fungsional tidak dipraktikkan meskipun wacana akademik dan potensi serta kebutuhan akan adanya lembaga yang merupakan perwujudan desentralisasi fungsional sudah muncul. Perubahan pasal 18 UUD 1945 agar lebih tegas kembali memasukkan konsep desentralisasi fungsional yang pernah digunakan pada 1920-an oleh Hindia Belanda
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