Abstract
Bullying not only has a significant influence on victims' physical and emotional well-being, but they are also reported to experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as nightmares, intrusive thoughts and emotions of hopelessness and powerlessness. The symptomatology of untreated PTSD exposes victims to other psychological issues such as substance abuse, depersonalization and suicide. This case study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Systematic Desensitization (CBT-SD), a counseling intervention for reducing symptomatology of PTSD. He was diagnosed with clinically severe symptomatology of PTSD (T> 65) by using the Detailed Assessment of Posttraumatic Stress (DAPS) (Briere, 2001). The treatment planning using CBT-SD technique was constructed aimed at answering the research questions. The results indicate a decrease in the symptomatology of PTSD and other psychological issues, particularly on the scales of dissociation and suicide. Reducing PTSD symptoms has a favourable impact on the client’s cognitive, emotional and behavioural functioning, as seen by his improved personal functioning in his daily life. Hence, prevention and early rehabilitation through counseling interventions are crucial in aiding victims of bullying achieve psychological balance. The implications of this intervention are also discussed.
Highlights
Bullying has a significant influence on victims' physical and emotional well-being, but they are reported to experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such as nightmares, intrusive thoughts and emotions of hopelessness and powerlessness
The results indicate a decrease in the symptomatology of PTSD and other psychological issues, particularly on the scales of dissociation and suicide
Depression, posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and resilience in relation to school-aged bullying history among university students in Sarawak [Unpublished master dissertation]
Summary
Hipotesis Isu Berdasarkan kepada latar belakang kes klien dan pernyataan masalah yang dihadapi oleh klien, beliau berkemungkinan mengalami simptomatologi PTSD setelah dibuli apabila dilihat mengalami gangguan emosi dan psikologi seperti mudah cemas, berasa takut, sukar tidur, hilang minat melakukan perkara-perkara yang disukai menerusi temubual dengan beliau bersama kehadiran ayahnya dalam pra sesi. Klien dan penyelidik akan membina hierarki kebimbangan yang berfokuskan kepada trauma yang dialami setelah menjadi mangsa buli sebelum memberi rawatan kepada klien menggunakan teknik CBT-SD. Setelah mengenal pasti hierarki kebimbangan, penyelidik akan memulakan rawatan bermula dari teknik relaksasi maskular dan teknik relaksasi imageri, kemudian terus mengaplikasikan Teknik CBT-SD dalam keadaan klien sudah mencapai tahap ketenangan dengan mata yang tertutup. Penyelidik akan terus melakukan penerokaan, perbincangan laporan kerja rumah klien serta membina hierarki kebimbangan untuk rawatan CBT-SD bagi mengurangkan kebimbangan terhadap abang-abang klien. Penyelidik menyarankan bapanya terus memantau keadaan klien di samping menyarankan klien terus mengaplikasi dua teknik yang telah dipelajari di dalam sesi iaitu teknik relaksasi maskular dan teknik relaksasi imageri bagi mengurangkan kerentanan emosi ketika itu. Jadual 2 di bawah menunjukkan tema dan subtema analisis kualitatif
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