Descriptive epidemiology of classical swine fever outbreaks in the period 2013-2018 in Colombia.

Pilar Pineda,Adriana Deluque,Olga Lucia Diaz,Jordi Casal,Alberto Allepuz,Mario Peña,Douglas Gladue

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234490

Pilar Pineda, Adriana Deluque + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234490

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Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an infectious viral disease caused by an RNA virus belonging to the Pestivirus genus. A total of 134 outbreaks of CSF have occurred in the last seven years in the North of Colombia. The objective of this study was the characterization of the herds affected by CSF from 2013 to 2018. Most of the outbreaks (95%) occured in backyard piggeries. The principal causes of transmission of CSF were the introduction of infected pigs (38%), movements of people (37%) and unknown origin (13%). The epidemiological relationships with 15 affected farms explained 31 outbreaks. The overall attack and mortality rates were 39% and 32%, respectively. The main clinical signs were high fever (67%), incoordination of movements (54%), and prostration (52%). Seventy-three percent of the herds had not been vaccinated against CSF and 17% had been only partially vaccinated. A spatio-temporal analysis, using a Poisson regression model, revealed two clusters with high risk; the first and largest one from 2014 to 2016 had a relative risk (RR) of 13.4 and included part of the departments of Atlántico, Bolívar, Cesar, La Guajira, Norte de Santander, Magdalena and Sucre; and the second cluster (RR = 9.6 in 2016) included municipalities in the north of the department of Cordoba.

Highlights

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an infectious viral disease caused by an enveloped RNA virus classified in the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus [1,2]
Between 2013 and 2018, 134 outbreaks of CSF affected the Northern part of Colombia, with almost half of them (63; 47%) occurring in 2015 (Table 2 and Fig 2)
All the outbreaks occurred in departments of the Atlantic Coast region, except the 5 and 3 cases that occurred in Norte de Santander and Santander, respectively, belonging to the Andean region

Summary

Introduction

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an infectious viral disease caused by an enveloped RNA virus classified in the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus [1,2]. It is one of the most important diseases in pigs, with great impact on health and the swine industry [3,4]. Pigs and wild boar are the only natural reservoir. CSF virus (CSFV) can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically. The horizontal transmission occurs through direct contact between infected and susceptible pigs [5].

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