Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a generic designation for a group of related syndromes resulting from myocardial ischemia – an imbalance between cardiac blood supply (perfusion) and myocardial oxygen demand. Visfatin (VF) is a recently discovered adipokine with different functions, Visfatin is mainly found in visceral adipose tissue and mimics insulin in lowering plasma glucose levels and, Visfatin emerges as a player in the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions by directly promoting smooth muscle cell proliferation, Aberrant angiogenesis is now considered a feature of the atherogenic process in both coronary and carotid diseases. This adipokine was previously known as a pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) or Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAmPRTase or Nampt) an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NAMPT gene and demonstrated to be an intracellular protein with a key enzyme role in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Highlights
Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries (Sebregts et al, 2000), due to the significant impact of coronary heart disease, it is important for identifying the determinants of risk for developing this disease, coronary artery diseases are the generic designation for the three forms of cardiac diseases, i.e., angina pectoris {unstable angina (UA), stable angina (SA)}, sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), In most cases, the abnormal outcomes from inadequate blood flow resultant lead to the development of atherosclerosis causing in narrowing of the coronary arteries, CHD is { often called coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD)}( Rydén et al, 2007; Naveen, 2009)
Visfatin is one of the newly discovered adipokines, which is 52 kilodalton protein, Visfatin was first described as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor( pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF)) and Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) because it is involved in nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide synthesis from nicotinamide (Matsuda et al, 2005), it has insulin-mimetic properties (Stofkova et al, 2010)
PBEF was identified by Fukuhara et al (2005), as visfatin a novel adipokine - a protein mediator secreted by fat cells
Summary
Coronary heart diseases (CHD) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in most countries (Sebregts et al, 2000), due to the significant impact of coronary heart disease, it is important for identifying the determinants of risk for developing this disease, coronary artery diseases are the generic designation for the three forms of cardiac diseases, i.e., angina pectoris {unstable angina (UA), stable angina (SA)}, sudden cardiac death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), In most cases, the abnormal outcomes from inadequate blood flow resultant lead to the development of atherosclerosis causing in narrowing of the coronary arteries, CHD is { often called coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemic heart disease (IHD)}( Rydén et al, 2007; Naveen, 2009).Adipokines and proinflammatory molecules that affect cardiovascular functions through as endocrine manner, and by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms (De-Clercq et al, 2008). Visfatin is one of the newly discovered adipokines, which is 52 kilodalton (kDa) protein, Visfatin was first described as pre-B cell colony enhancing factor( PBEF) and Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) because it is involved in nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide synthesis from nicotinamide (Matsuda et al, 2005), it has insulin-mimetic properties (Stofkova et al, 2010).
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