Abstract
Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are currently considered as serious grapevine diseases which affect vineyard health and induce economic losses. Both of these trunk diseases (GTDs) are caused by a complex of pathogens, and foliar expression is influenced by several factors, including environmental factors such as water stress. To manage water stress in some vine areas, culture practice based on irrigation systems for limiting water stress have been developed; however, little knowledge of the influence of such systems on GTD emergence is currently available. The present paper addresses the impact of irrigation systems and climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on the expression of GTDs, specifically esca and Botryosphaeria dieback. A field experiment on Chardonnay in North East Spain, a vine growing area where drought is present and which is managed by an irrigation system, was therefore carried out during a 3-year period. The water stress impact on GTD expression was evaluated by measuring the GTD incidence and analysing different physiological parameters at different phenological stages, including principal component analysis and gene expression. The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year. All these parameters are discussed to better understand the relationship between GTD expression, irrigation system and climatic factors.
Highlights
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in vineyards is subject to multiple stresses, either biotic or abiotic, and frequently in combination
The main finding of this study was the significant roles of vine transpiration and water availability, which depend on irrigation volume and rainfall amount; together, they may explain the erratic symptom expression in plants infected by GTD fungi depending on the year
Spring conditions (21 March to flowering) in the three seasons were similar in terms of temperature and rainfall, precipitation was highest during this period in 2018 (Table 5)
Summary
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in vineyards is subject to multiple stresses, either biotic or abiotic, and frequently in combination Depending on their incidence, they can negatively impact vine health by affecting its growth and physiology, and in turn yield, inducing economical losses. Esca disease and Botryosphaeria dieback are widespread worldwide, especially in Europe, including in Spain (De la Fuente et al, 2016; Guerin-Dubrana et al, 2019) These diseases are derived from a complex of fungi, the main ones being Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum, as well as Fomitiporia mediterranea which causes white rot, and other wood-rooting basidiomycetes for Esca disease (Mugnai et al, 1999) and Botryosphaeriae species for Botryosphaeria dieback (Úrbez-Torres, 2011). After an undetermined period of latency, their presence can result in the appearance of different types of foliar and berry symptoms depending on the disease (Mugnai et al, 1999; Mondello et al, 2018)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
