Abstract
Almost all sea pens inhabit soft bottoms, but only four species are known to live on rocky substrates. These are all deep-sea species with specialized sucker-like peduncles considered to attach to rocky substrates. Their known distribution is very sparse due to the limited number of reports. In this study, we describe a novel rock-inhabiting sea pen, Anthoptilum gnome sp. nov., from a deep-sea marine protected area in Japan, along with the first report of the mitochondrial genome of a rock-inhabiting species and a rock-inhabiting species from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The mitogenomic information provides insight into their evolutionary aspect; A. gnome sp. nov. may have acquired the sucker-like peduncle within the phylogenetic constraints in the genus and the sucker-like peduncle may be the character obtained independently in Pennatuloidea.
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