Description of Lepiotaceous Fungal Species of the Genera Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus, from Laos and Thailand

Phongeun Sysouphanthong,Else C Vellinga,Jian-Kui Liu,Naritsada Thongklang

doi:10.3390/d13120666

Abstract

In our ongoing research on lepiotaceous taxa (Agaricaceae s.l.) in Laos and northern Thailand, we focus here on Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus. Collections were obtained from various habitats, including agricultural habitats, grasslands, and rainforests. A total of 12 taxa were examined and investigated. Of these 12, two are new for science; viz. Xanthagaricus purpureosquamulosus with brownish-grey to violet-brown squamules on a pale-violet to violet background; it shares the pileus color with X. caeruleus and X. ianthinus, but differs in other characters; and Macrolepiota excelsa, rather similar to M. procera but related to M. detersa. Two species, Pseudolepiotazangmui and Xanthagaricus necopinatus are recorded for the first time in Thailand. Four species of Chlorophyllum and a total of four species of Macrolepiota were found, viz., C. demangei and C. hortense with white basidiospores, C. molybdites and C. globosum with green basidiospores, M. detersa, M. dolichaula, the new M. excelsa, and M. velosa. Another rather common striking species is Clarkeinda trachodes, with yellow-green basidiospores. Each species is described in detail, with color photographs and line drawings. Phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal (nrLSU) DNA and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes provide evidence for the placement of the species covered.

Highlights

As part of ongoing survey into the mycological diversity of Laos and northern Thailand [1], the focus of this article is on Macrolepiota Singer, and some genera in the ‘widerAgaricus clade’
Until 2003 Chlorophyllum was restricted to the green-spored agaricoid species, whereas the white-spored agaricoid taxa were included in Macrolepiota Singer, and the secotioid taxa were considered part of Endoptychum Czern. or Secotium Kunze
Thai specimens were deposited in the herbarium at Mae Fah Luang University (MFLU) with duplicates for the 2007 collections made by Vellinga at UC; and Lao specimens were deposited in the National Herbarium of

Summary

Introduction

As part of ongoing survey into the mycological diversity of Laos and northern Thailand [1], the focus of this article is on Macrolepiota Singer, and some genera in the ‘wider. Agaricus clade’ ( considered to be Agaricaceae in the strict sense [2,3,4], in particular, the genera Chlorophyllum Massee, Clarkeinda Kuntze, Pseudolepiota Z.W. Ge, and Xanthagaricus (Heinem.) Little Flower, Hosag. Chlorophyllum Massee is widespread in tropical to temperate regions, often in anthropogenic landscapes, with a total of 19 species [10,11,12]. Until 2003 Chlorophyllum was restricted to the green-spored agaricoid species, whereas the white-spored agaricoid taxa were included in Macrolepiota Singer, and the secotioid taxa were considered part of Endoptychum Czern.

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