Description of Hemoproteins and Elemental Homeostasis in Brain Tumors

E I Erlykina,I A Medyanik,V G Pimenov,I I Evdokimov,L M Obukhova,A B Yazykova,K S Yashin,O V Barinova

doi:10.4236/jbm.2018.65010

Abstract

The role of element homeostasis in neoplastic disease pathogenesis is be-yond question. The imbalance of trace elements precisely underlies the ini-tiation and promotion of tumor pathology. The aim of the study was to in-vestigate blood and tissue macroelements, microelements and hemoproteins level in brain tumors and their intermolecular interactions. Samples of blood and brain tumor tissues were investigated. Detection of myoglobin level was implemented by the reaction of passive hemagglutination and immunoturbidimetric test. Catalase activity was determined by the method of Beer and Sizer. Free radical activity was determined by the method of induced biochemiluminescence. Microelements level was investigated by usage of atomic emission spectrometry. To build the networks of studied hemoprotein interactions with signaling pathways of proteins, expressed in brain tumors, molecular interaction databases (STRING, BioGrid) were used. Modern databases of signaling pathways (KEGG) suggest that in normal cells hypoxia can lead to HIF-1A protein synthesis. ROS synthesis inhibits the PHD enzyme and triggers the release of calcium ions, and increases proliferation. Calcium ions are triggering factor of apoptosis and cell proliferation. Myoglobin can possibly be the cell adaptation factor towards hypoxia, oxidative stress and element homeostasis violation, and myoglobin level decreasing can additionally stimulate proliferation, by apoptosis inhibition.

Highlights

Primary tumors of central nervous system are a rare group of diverse tumors that account for less than 2% of all tumors, but are the fourth most common cause of cancer death
In malignant brain tumors magnesium level was reduced in 1.7 times in comparison with healthy brain tissue
In the course of the study catalase activity in tumor tissue was found to be 22% higher in malignant (18.87 mm/l) and benign (18.42 mm/l) brain tumors compared with the control group (14.37 mm/l)

Summary

Introduction

Primary tumors of central nervous system are a rare group of diverse tumors that account for less than 2% of all tumors, but are the fourth most common cause of cancer death. The average life-expectancy of those patients after surgery and following chemotherapy and radiation therapy is 14 and 25 months for the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma respectively. It is known, that the 5-year survival rate for intracranial glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) does not exceed 10% [1]. Catalase is considered to be one of the main antioxidant enzymes, which belongs to class Oxidoreductases and represents a hemoprotein consisting of 4 subunits. This hemoprotein catalyzes hydrogen peroxide decomposition, protecting the cell from oxidative stress. Myoglobin tumor-suppressing role at the expense of mitochondrial activity inhibition is a subject-matter of the discussion [7]

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