Abstract
Gershon and Kondo described CD8+ Treg lymphocytes as the first ones with regulating activity due to their tolerance ability to foreign antigens and their capacity to inhibit the proliferation of other lymphocytes. Regardless, CD8+ Treg lymphocytes have not been fully described—unlike CD4+ Treg lymphocytes—because of their low numbers in blood and the lack of specific and accurate population markers. Still, these lymphocytes have been studied for the past 30 years, even after finding difficulties during investigations. As a result, studies have identified markers that define their subpopulations. This review is focused on the expression of cell membrane markers as CD25, CD122, CD103, CTLA-4, CD39, CD73, LAG-3, and FasL as well as soluble molecules such as FoxP3, IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, IL-34, and IL-35, in addition to the lack of expression of cell activation markers such as CD28, CD127 CD45RC, and CD49d. This work also underlines the importance of identifying some of these markers in infections with several pathogens, autoimmunity, cancer, and graft-versus-host disease as a strategy in their prevention, monitoring, and cure.
Highlights
CD8+ Treg lymphocytes have been characterized as a heterogeneous population consisting of lymphoid cells that express certain surface markers depending on their inhibition activity and the microenvironment they are found in [1].In 1970, Gershon and Kondo described CD8+ Treg lymphocytes for the first time when they published the results of experiments using mice
CD8+ Treg lymphocytes: (a) direct death of target cell [5, 6], (b) negative signaling through CTLA-4 or PD1 when interacting with the antigen-presenting cell [7], and (c) release of immunosuppressive cytokines as IL-10 and TGFβ [8, 9]
It is known that TGF-β acts on antigenpresenting cells as dendritic cells decreasing the expression of costimulation and MHC-I molecules and effector T lymphocytes by inhibiting their proliferation
Summary
CD8+ Treg lymphocytes have been characterized as a heterogeneous population consisting of lymphoid cells that express certain surface markers depending on their inhibition activity and the microenvironment they are found in [1]. The treatment induced tolerance to horse red blood cells in mice that had been immunized with high levels of sheep red blood cells. This tolerance was proven to be mediated by thymic cells [2]. They later proved the regulatory role of peripheral thymocytes, those located in the spleen [3]. The study of these cells was further developed in 2007 under the concept of CD8+ Treg cells in the context of some viral infections and development of some tumors. In murine and human models, different works have described a number of regulatory mechanisms mediated by Journal of Immunology Research
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