Abstract
Background. Buckwheat is an extremely valuable groat crop in demand both in Russia and abroad. The buckwheat collection held by VIR is the largest in the world. Studying and systematizing knowledge about the conserved diversity of the genus Fagopyrum Mill. representatives cannot be efficient without switching to the use of the most detailed descriptors containing plant characters least dependent on differences in growing conditions.Materials and methods. Seventeen buckwheat cultivars from Ukraine and Belarus and two references from Russia were studied in Leningrad Province. The methodological basis of the study included the IPGRI buckwheat descriptors and personal recommendations of N. V. Fesenko. Statistical data processing was performed according to P. F. Rokitsky.Results. The cultivars formed their typical plant habitus and demonstrated good fruit setting − an average score was 3.3–4.9 out of five. The determinant stem growth was observed in 10 cultivars. The stem developed 2.7−6.7 generative nodes and 4–6 vegetative ones, while 1.9–4.7 generative and 0.8−2.3 vegetative nodes were formed on the two upper branches.Conclusion. The study confirmed that medium-ripening buckwheat can be grown in Leningrad Province. The modal value of the number of vegetative nodes for the studied cultivars was 4−5, which is an indicator of intermediate ripening. The results of studying the metamerism of the stem and the two upper branches, expressed by modal values, were recorded in the “agricultural fitness” passport for the tested cultivars as follows: determinant stem; branching zone 4+1+2; fruit-forming zone 3+3+3; average score of fruit formation 4.8. The presented data format most fully characterizes a cultivar in terms of the potential of its earliness and productivity. Depending on the task, indicators for the main stem or for the two upper branches can be used. Recording values in the form of a formula is convenient and does not imply any other meanings.
Highlights
Buckwheat is an extremely valuable groat crop in demand both in Russia and abroad
Seventeen buckwheat cultivars from Ukraine and Belarus and two references from Russia were studied in Leningrad Province
The determinant stem growth was observed in 10 cultivars
Summary
Buckwheat is an extremely valuable groat crop in demand both in Russia and abroad. The buckwheat collection held by VIR is the largest in the world. The results of studying the metamerism of the stem and the two upper branches, expressed by modal values, were recorded in the “agricultural fitness” passport for the tested cultivars as follows: determinant stem; branching zone 4+1+2; fruit-forming zone 3+3+3; average score of fruit formation 4.8. В Госреестре Украины на 2020 год зарегистрированы 27 сортов украинской селекции, а также сорта ‘Дикуль’ и ‘Девятка’ из России (State Register of Plant Varieties..., 2020). Всего районированы 14 сортов гречихи, и в Госреестр Беларуси (State Register of Varieties..., 2020) включены два сорта иностранной селекции – ‘Дикуль’ (Россия) и ‘Кора’ (Польша). Высокая информативность признака «число узлов ЗВС» для характеристики адаптивных свойств популяций гречихи, в частности продолжительности периода вегетации, была подтверждена и нами в серии географических посевов в России и за рубежом (Fesenko et al, 2002; Fesenko et al, 2017). Цель исследования – изучить и описать с использованием современных дескрипторов новые сорта гречихи селекции Беларуси и Украины на северной границе возможного возделывания гречихи
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