Abstract
In this paper, the operating principles of the acid battery and its features are discussed. The results of voltage tests containing the measurements conducted at the terminals of a loaded battery under constant load conditions, and dependent on time, are presented. The article depicts the principles of the development of electric models of acid batteries and their various descriptions. The principles for processing the results for the purpose of the determination and description of the battery model are characterized. The characteristics under stationary and non-stationary conditions are specified using glued functions and linear combinations of exponential functions, and the electrical parameters of the battery are determined as the components of the circuit, i.e., its electromotive force, resistance, and capacity. The dynamic characteristic of the battery in the form of transmittance was determined, using the Laplace transform. Possible uses of the crankshaft driving signals as diagnostic signals of the battery, electric starter, and internal combustion engine are also indicated.
Highlights
The operating voltage of the lead–acid battery depends on its rated capacity, current consumption, temperature, and state of charge
For the purpose of describing the dynamic characteristic of its operation, that is, the response to a rapid leap in current, it is convenient to use the exponential functions in the form of glued functions or a mixture of functions
Both methods of description correspond to two different electric models of the acid battery in the form: (1) the electromotive force and the variable internal resistanc; (2) the stationary electromotive force and the RC systems having different characteristics, resulting in changes in the electromotive force of the polarization of the battery in the circuit
Summary
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