Abstract
Surazomus saturninoae sp. nov. is described from eastern Amazon. The male has a pentagonal flagellum, similar to those of three other species in the genus. These four species are herein gathered as the arboreus-group of Surazomus. We present a brief synopsis of chaetotaxy description in hubbardiines and several homology proposals for the flagellum of the species in the arboreus-group: the posterior lobes may be homologous to the lateral lobes of hubbardiine species with trilobed flagella; the setal brush with 4–5 setae on the posterior lobe may be composed of one Dl2 seta and enlarged lobular microsetae; the single, median posterior coupling pocket may be homologous to the pair of posterior pockets seen in other hubbardiines; the single, median anterior coupling pocket may be homologous to the pair of pockets on the anterior border of the flagellum seen in other hubbardiines. Based on the morphology of these pockets and the chelicerae within Surazomus, we discuss the anchoring mechanism during the mating march.
Highlights
Schizomids are small arachnids that display short-range endemism [1,2,3] and generally occur in humid tropical and sub-tropical forests, mainly in leaf litter, caves, tree bark or under stones [4]
Within Surazomus we find different types of male flagella: some species have a rounded flagellum, such as Surazomus chavin Pinto-da-Rocha, 1996 and Surazomus uarini Santos & Pinto-daRocha, 2009; many have a trilobed flagellum bearing a pair of membranous dorso-submedian eminences, with the median portion of the flagellum laterally widened (e.g. Surazomus kitu Villarreal, Miranda & Giupponi, 2016; see Villarreal et al [13]: fig 4A); and a few have a pentagonal flagellum with posterior lobes, such as Surazomus arboreus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000
To ease the discussion below, we propose the use of the informal name “the arboreus-group of Surazomus” to refer to that group
Summary
Schizomids are small arachnids that display short-range endemism [1,2,3] and generally occur in humid tropical and sub-tropical forests, mainly in leaf litter, caves, tree bark or under stones [4]. The extant diversity of about 300 species of Schizomida is divided into the families Protoschizomidae and Hubbardiidae, the last with two subfamilies: Hubbardiinae and Megaschizominae [5]. They are all known as short-tailed whip scorpions, due to the presence of a short flagellum in males and females. The flagellum of the male is highly modified and held by the chelicerae of the female during copulation [6,7], in a phase called as Paarungsmarsch (= mating march) [7], when she is dragged forward onto the spermatophore.
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