Abstract
Pseudokeronopsidae Borror & Wicklow, 1983 are biotechnologically important ciliate protists which produce toxic defense substances; however, their diversity is still little known in Brazil. In the present study, Tetrakeronopsis silvanetoi, a new genus and species of marine pseudokeronopsid hypotrichs is described from samples of water with bottom sediment collected from the coast of São Paulo state. Its phylogenetic affinities to the “core urostyloids” are hypothesized based on analyses of the 18S-rDNA marker, and a new subfamily, the Nothoholostichinae subfam. nov., is erected to name the monophylum composed of pseudokeronopsids in which the anterior corona is usually formed by four frontal cirri. In addition, the new combination Monocoronella longissima comb. nov. is proposed for Nothoholosticha longissima (Dragesco & Dragesco-Kernéis, 1986) Li et al., 2009.
Highlights
Hypotrichs s. l. [1] are ciliates which generally exhibit a dorsoventrally flattened body with a polyhymenophore adoral zone and somatic cilia arranged in cirri along the ventral side and rows of dikinetids on the dorsal side of the body [2,3,4]
Comparison with Related Species When compared to other pseudokeronopsids in which the anterior corona is formed by four frontal cirri, T. silvanetoi differs from both Apoholosticha sepetibensis (Wanick & Silva-Neto, 2004) Fan et al, 2013, and Apoholosticha sinica in the number of frontoterminal cirri; the presence of buccal cirri; and the presence of distinct pretransverse cirri
Tetrakeronopsis silvanetoi differs mostly from Heterokeronopsis pulchra in having two frontoterminal cirri located at their typical position [40]
Summary
Hypotrichs s. l. [1] are ciliates which generally exhibit a dorsoventrally flattened body with a polyhymenophore adoral zone and somatic cilia arranged in cirri along the ventral side and rows of dikinetids on the dorsal side of the body [2,3,4]. L. [1] are ciliates which generally exhibit a dorsoventrally flattened body with a polyhymenophore adoral zone and somatic cilia arranged in cirri along the ventral side and rows of dikinetids on the dorsal side of the body [2,3,4]. Their body architecture makes them pre-adapted to life in micropore habitats [5] and, like most ciliates, hypotrichs occur in edaphic, freshwater and marine sediments worldwide [6]. The diversity of benthic marine ciliates remains unknown for the majority of the Brazilian coast [15], and this includes the diversity of marine pseudokeronopsids
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