Abstract
ABSTRACT The anomalous origin of the pulmonary trunk in the ascending aorta, defined as arterious hemitruncus, is a rare congenital malformation in dogs, caused by a defect in the spiral septum. Thus, given the unusual occurrence in the canine species, the systemic severity and the high lethality, the aim of this study was to describe this heart disease in a three-month-old male German Spitz puppy, emphasizing clinical changes of the necropsy and microscopics. The animal had cyanosis, dyspnea and weakness and was forwarded for necropsy after sudden death. Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out. The association of these findings with the history indicated the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus followed by cardiorespiratory failure, emphasizing the importance of out complementary cardiological exams in young symptomatic patients for the survival of those affected. Arterious hemitruncus, although rare, must be added in the differential diagnosis of other heart diseases that cause similar clinical signs.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONArterious hemitruncus is characterized by the fusion of the pulmonary trunk with the ascending aorta due to a defect in the spiral septum, which divides the fetal trunk into the arteries, pulmonary and aorta, during intrauterine growth (UrbinaVazquez et al, 2020)
Numerous changes were detected in the post-mortem examination, including in the heart, as cardiomegaly and absence of the arterial ligament, which was replaced by the complete fusion between the ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk, after leaving both the left and right ventricles, respectively and, among the microscopic findings, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stood out
Arterious hemitruncus is characterized by the fusion of the pulmonary trunk with the ascending aorta due to a defect in the spiral septum, which divides the fetal trunk into the arteries, pulmonary and aorta, during intrauterine growth (UrbinaVazquez et al, 2020)
Summary
Arterious hemitruncus is characterized by the fusion of the pulmonary trunk with the ascending aorta due to a defect in the spiral septum, which divides the fetal trunk into the arteries, pulmonary and aorta, during intrauterine growth (UrbinaVazquez et al, 2020). Cardiac catheterization causes vascular obstructions, in addition to valve and myocardial functioning (Haywood et al, 2014); angiography provides precision in the pressure measurements of the great vessels, as well as of the cardiac cavities (Urbina-Vazquez et al, 2020) and computed angiotomography or magnetic resonance to define the presence of the anomalous pulmonary trunk, originating from the descending aorta (Haywood et al, 2014) Both in animals (Chuzel et al, 2007; Scollan et al, 2011) as in humans (Mahan et al, 2016; Urbina-Vazquez et al, 2020), the early corrective treatment of choice for arterious hemitruncus is surgical, covering various techniques, to avoid fatalities due to the irreversibility of pulmonary hypertension and congestive heart failure. Especially the cardiovascular, together with the patient's history, defined the diagnosis of arterious hemitruncus and the cause of death as cardiorespiratory failure and, the microscopic results showed changes secondary to the referred congenital cardiovascular anomaly
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