Describing, transcribing, encoding, and editing modern correspondence material: a textbase approach

Abstract

While letters and correspondence materials serve as (in)valuable sources of information for historians, philologists, (socio-)linguists, biographers, and textual critics, modern editorial theory merely assigns them a secondary role. Contrary to this traditional documentary view, the authors of this article argue for a treatment of epistolary materials as primary sources in their own right. They propose a generalized text-base approach of encoded and annotated correspondence materials that can accomodate the generation of versatile user-driven electronic editions. This approach needs to address current lacunae in markup theory and practice, resulting in a lack for either provisions for the encoding of letter-specific phenomena in texts, or encoding features for such generative editions. A closer look at broader editorial theories reveals a deeper lack of understanding of the nature and hence definition of correspondence materials. The authors propose a Jakobsonian communicative definition of letters that to a great deal can be mapped onto the textual model of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). The second part of this article discusses the motivation for and practical realization of Digital Archive of Letters in Flanders (DALF), a formal framework for encoding correspondence materials which is defined as a TEI customization. Its most important features for capturing detailed metadata as well as letter-specific source phenomena are analysed and discussed against the text-ontological background sketched out before.