Describing electromagnetic and strong interactions in rotating frames in collisions of high energy nuclei

Abstract

Interaction between quarks in rotating reference frames described by the vector or scalar Cornell potential is considered. The vector potential is similar to the electromagnetic potential. The precise relativistic Hamiltonian in the Foldy–Wouthuysen representation for terms of the zeroth and first orders in the Planck constant and such terms of the second order that describe contact interactions is rigorously derived. The classical limit of this Hamiltonian, which is also precise for terms of the zeroth and first orders in the Planck constant, is determined for the first time. Electromagnetic interaction is also taken into account. General expressions for the angular velocity of spin precession corresponding to the high energy of the spin–orbit interaction for both the vector and scalar Cornell potential are derived. For the both potentials, we present dependences of the angular velocity of spin precession on the forces acting on a quark, which can in principle be determined by analyzing the kinematics of particle jets emitted upon collisions. The final estimate of spin–orbit interaction (on the order of GeV) demonstrates the great magnitude of the effect.