Descent sets on 321-avoiding involutions and hook decompositions of partitions

Abstract

We show that the distribution of the major index over the set of involutions in Sn that avoid the pattern 321 is given by the q-analogue of the n-th central binomial coefficient. The proof consists of a composition of three non-trivial bijections, one being the Robinson–Schensted correspondence, ultimately mapping those involutions with major index m into partitions of m whose Young diagram fits inside a ⌊n2⌋×⌈n2⌉ box. We also obtain a refinement that keeps track of the descent set, and we deduce an analogous result for the comajor index of 123-avoiding involutions.