Descartes revisited: The endo‐exo‐distinction and its relevance for the study of complex systems

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ComplexityVolume 1, Issue 3 p. 15-21 Essay & CommentaryFree Access Descartes revisited: The endo-exo-distinction and its relevance for the study of complex systems Harald Atmanspacher, Harald Atmanspacher Harald Atmanspacher studied physics in Göttingen, Zürich and Munich, receiving his Ph.D. in physics in 1985 from the University of Munich. He was a Reimar Lüst Fellow from 1986 to 1988, and has since been a research scientist in the theory division at the Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik in Garching. His current research is in nonlinear dynamics, complexity and meaning, endolexo-problems, and selected topics in the history and theory of science.Search for more papers by this authorGerda Wiedenmann, Gerda Wiedenmann Gerda Wiedenmann received her Ph.D. in physics from the Technical University of Munich in 1991, and now works in the theory division at the Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik in Garching. Her current interests are modeling nonlinear processes, computation theory, and concepts of complexity.Search for more papers by this authorAnton Amann, Anton Amann Anton Amann studied chemistry at the ETH in Zürich and received his MD (1978) and his Ph.D. (1984) for his contributions to algebraic quantum theory. His work on the conceptual foundations of chemistry was distinguished with the gold medal of the South African Chemical Institute in 1993. Currently, he is lecturer in physical chemistry at the ETH in Zurich. His recent research has focused on individual interpretations of quantum mechanics and large deviations statistics.Search for more papers by this author Harald Atmanspacher, Harald Atmanspacher Harald Atmanspacher studied physics in Göttingen, Zürich and Munich, receiving his Ph.D. in physics in 1985 from the University of Munich. He was a Reimar Lüst Fellow from 1986 to 1988, and has since been a research scientist in the theory division at the Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik in Garching. His current research is in nonlinear dynamics, complexity and meaning, endolexo-problems, and selected topics in the history and theory of science.Search for more papers by this authorGerda Wiedenmann, Gerda Wiedenmann Gerda Wiedenmann received her Ph.D. in physics from the Technical University of Munich in 1991, and now works in the theory division at the Max Planck Institut für extraterrestrische Physik in Garching. Her current interests are modeling nonlinear processes, computation theory, and concepts of complexity.Search for more papers by this authorAnton Amann, Anton Amann Anton Amann studied chemistry at the ETH in Zürich and received his MD (1978) and his Ph.D. (1984) for his contributions to algebraic quantum theory. His work on the conceptual foundations of chemistry was distinguished with the gold medal of the South African Chemical Institute in 1993. Currently, he is lecturer in physical chemistry at the ETH in Zurich. His recent research has focused on individual interpretations of quantum mechanics and large deviations statistics.Search for more papers by this author First published: January/February 1995 https://doi.org/10.1002/cplx.6130010306Citations: 13 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume1, Issue3January/February 1995Pages 15-21 RelatedInformation