Desarrollo lingüístico y comunicativo temprano de niños prematuros

Abstract

The present study intends: a) to compare first linguistic and communicative development of preterm (PR) children to that of full term (FT) children, and b) also to investigate possible relationships between biological, environmental and personal antecedents and language development outcomes at 10 months of age. The study has been carried out with 150 preterm children and a control group of 49 full term children. Participants were studied when they were 15 days old, and, again, when they were 10 months of age (corrected age for premature children). Neurobehavioral assessment and information on children's biomedical and environmental characteristics were gathered at 15 days of age. The Galician version of the MacArthur-Bates inventories (IDHC) ( Pérez-Pereira & García, 2003; Pérez-Pereira & Resches, 2011) was applied when the children were 10 months of age to assess first linguistic and communicative development of the children. In addition, the CES-D and the IBQ-R were applied in order to assess the mothers’ depression and children's temperament. No differences in any of the IDHC measures were found at 10 months of age in relation to birth weight and gestational age. Differences in communicative and language development of PR children were found in relation to a few variables such as Apgar scores, length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) or mothers receiving (or not) psychiatric attention. Gender and birth order do not seem to have any effect on IDHC scores. Linear regression analyses indicate that PR and FT children's results on the IDHC are predicted by different factors. Health and maternal education seem to have a greater predictive effect on PR children than FT children. Different temperament factors are also in play for PR and FT children as predictors of linguistic and communicative abilities.