Abstract
In this study, a simple and environmentally friendly method was developed for the extraction of seven active coumarins from Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav.(A. dahurica) based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs). Among the 16 kinds of DES based on choline chloride, the DES system with the molar ratio of choline chloride, citric acid, and water as 1:1:2 had the best extraction effect. Ultrasonic-assisted response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimal extraction scheme. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 10:1 (mL/g), an extraction time of 50 min, an extraction temperature of 59.85 °C, and a moisture content of 49.28%. Under these conditions, the extraction yield reached 1.18%. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the degree of powder fragmentation before and after extraction with different solvents. The cells of A. dahurica medicinal materials obtained by DES ultrasonic-assisted treatment were the most seriously broken, indicating that DES had the highest efficiency in the treatment of A. dahurica. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) DPPH radical scavenging model was used to evaluate the biological activity of DES extract. The results showed that DES extract had better scavenging ability of DPPH free radical. Therefore, DES is a green solvent suitable for extracting coumarin compounds of A. dahurica, with great potential to replace organic solvents.
Highlights
Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. (A. dahuricae) is the dry root belonging to umbelliferaceae
The results showed that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) extract had better scavenging ability of DPPH free radical
A. dahuricae has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesia, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, vascular dilation, anti-cancer, and central excitatory properties, and so on [2]
Summary
Angelica dahurica (Hoffm.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Franch. & Sav. (A. dahuricae) is the dry root belonging to umbelliferaceae. A. dahuricae has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including analgesia, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, vascular dilation, anti-cancer, and central excitatory properties, and so on [2]. It has been used as an anodyne, and is very effective at relieving neuralgic pain [3]. A. dahuricae is known to contain a large number of compounds, including volatile oil, coumarins, and glycosides. Among these compounds, coumarins are generally considered the major components; so far, more than 20 kinds of coumarins have been isolated from this crude drug, such as oxypeucedanin, imperatorin, cnidilin, isoimperatorin, xanthotoxol, byakangelicin, bergapten, etc. The efficient extraction of coumarins is important and desirable
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