Dermoscopic features of nail psoriasis: a systematic review.

Abstract

Nail psoriasis is common in psoriasis vulgaris and even more prevalent in psoriatic arthritis. Dermatoscopy of the nail proves helpful in enhancing the visualization of psoriatic nail lesions. This systematic review aimed to summarize the existing studies published in the literature that reported the various dermoscopic features of nail psoriasis. A systematic search of two medical databases, PubMed and Scopus, was conducted in April 2023. In total, 11 records were included. The number of reported cases in the included studies was 723. The average age was 42.39 years. Sixty percent of patients were males, and 40% were females. Pitting constituted the most common onychoscopic feature indicating nail matrix involvement, followed by various other features such as leukonychia, nail plate thickening, transverse and longitudinal ridges, and different lunula abnormalities. The predominant onychoscopic feature indicating nail bed involvement was onycholysis, followed by splinter hemorrhages, oil drop sign, subungual hyperkeratosis, dilated capillaries, agminated capillary dots, erythematous border, and pustules. Vascular abnormalities observed in all locations were present in 52% of patients. The clinical signs of nail psoriasis are diverse, and for the majority, they are nonspecific. Nail dermoscopy is a noninvasive tool that enhances the visualization of the nail manifestations of psoriasis. It may facilitate the establishment of diagnostic criteria for this pathology without resorting to more invasive procedures, such as nail biopsy.