Dermatophytosis in Bhairahawa, Nepal: Prevalence and Resistance Pattern of Dermatophyte Species

Abstract

Introduction: Dermatophytosis is colonization by dermatophytic fungus of the keratinized tissues like hair, nails and skin. They are considered important as a public health problem. The study was aimed to isolate, identify, and detect the in-vitro antifungal sensitivity pattern of various dermatophytes isolates from clinically diagnosed cases of dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty patients of all age groups and both sexes and clinically diagnosed with dermatophytosis were recruited in this study. The specimens included skin scales, hair pluckings, and nail clippings. Identification and isolation were done by microscopic examination, culture, and biochemical analysis. Results: Dermatophytosis was more common in males (60.62%) than females (39.37%). Tinea corporis (31.25%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by Tinea faciei (25%). Trichophyton rubrum (36.19%) was the most common isolate followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (15.23%). Out of four antifungal drugs used, fluconazole was found most resistant while Itraconazole was the most effective drug. Conclusion: The epidemiology of dermatophyte infections may change with time. Antifungal susceptibility testing will aid the clinician in initiating prompt and appropriate antifungal therapy and prevent the emergence of resistance.