Dermatological manifestations during HIV infection in children in Dakar, Senegal

Abstract

Background: Dermatological manifestations are frequent and often constitute a circumstance of HIV discovery in 70% of cases [1]. They are observed in 83% of patients with AIDS and at an early stage in 75% [2,3,4,5]. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary aspects of skin manifestations during HIV infection in children. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentric, descriptive study over a period of ten years in two dermatology departments and one pediatric department in Dakar, Senegal. We included all HIV-seropositive children aged 0–15 years with mucosal cutaneous manifestations. A dermatologist and a specialist in the medical care of HIV performed the diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations. Data entry and analysis were performed with the SPSS software, version 9.05. Results: We collected 206 cases of cutaneous manifestations in 454 children followed for HIV infection. The hospital frequency was 45.3%. The children were male in 115 cases (55.83%) and female in 91 cases (44.17%), giving a sex ratio of 1.26. The mean age of the patients was sixty months, with extremes of one month to fourteen years. A mycotic dermatosis origin was noted in 47.37%, ringworm in 22.37%, dermatophytosis in 8.58%, oral candidiasis in 6.58%, seborrheic dermatitis in 6.58%, and perleche in 3.29%. Bacterial skin diseases were represented by furunculosis in 1.97%, and impetigo in 7.24%. Viral dermatoses included molluscum contagiosum in 10.53%, shingles in 9.21%, warts in 9.87%, and chickenpox in 3.95%. As for parasitic dermatoses, scabies was noted in 8.55, followed by larva migrans in 0.66% and cutaneous leishmaniosis in 0.66%. Immuno-allergic dermatoses accounted for 25% and included prurigo in 94.3%, atopic dermatitis in 1.90%, and fixed pigmented erythema in 1.90%. Conclusion: Cutaneous manifestations are a common discovery during HIV infection in children. They are marked by a predominance of infectious dermatoses in sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: skin diseases; HIV; children; Dakar