Dermatologic Manifestations of Endocrine Disorders.

Rishi Raj,Nivedita Jha,Russell Bratman,Vismaya Joseph,Sri Harsha Tella,Ghada Elshimy,Rahul Mishra,Ricardo Correa

doi:10.7759/cureus.18327

Abstract

Endocrine disorders are known to involve all organ systems of the body, including the skin. The cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders can range from common findings such as acanthosis nigricans, pretibial myxedema, acne, hirsutism, hyper or hypopigmentation to rare cutaneous findings such as miliaria rubra, calciphylaxis, lentigines, and calcinosis cutis. These cutaneous symptoms can sometimes be the presenting symptoms or can even be pathognomonic of the underlying endocrine condition. In some cases, the cutaneous symptoms from an underlying endocrine abnormality may be the most prominent. These symptoms can significantly affect the quality of life of individuals. Often, individuals may seek health care from a dermatologist or primary care physician for isolated skin symptoms. Therefore, it is imperative for physicians to recognize the skin symptoms as the manifestation of the endocrine disorder for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder.

Highlights

BackgroundHormones are critical regulators of several physiological processes in the human body and play an important role in each system
The cutaneous manifestations of endocrine disorders can range from common findings such as acanthosis nigricans, pretibial myxedema, acne, hirsutism, hyper or hypopigmentation to rare cutaneous findings such as miliaria rubra, calciphylaxis, lentigines, and calcinosis cutis
It is imperative for physicians to recognize the skin symptoms as the manifestation of the endocrine disorder for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the underlying endocrine disorder

Summary

Introduction

Hormones are critical regulators of several physiological processes in the human body and play an important role in each system. The most extreme skin manifestation of hyperparathyroidism is related to calciphylaxis, or calcification of blood vessels supplying cutaneous tissue While this generally occurs in end-stage renal disease patients due to tertiary hyperparathyroidism, it may occur as a result of primary hyperparathyroidism [42]. Carney complex (CNC) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by pigmented lesions on the skin and mucosa, cardiac and noncardiac myxoma, and multiple endocrine and nonendocrine tumors [43] It is associated with mutations in the protein kinase A type I-alpha regulatory subunit gene on chromosome 17q22-24 and is inherited in an autosomal-dominant manner, affecting half of all first-degree relatives. MEN1: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; MEN2: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2; NF1: neurofibromatosis 1; POEMS: Polyradiculoneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal plasma cell disorder, and Skin changes; NLD: necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

Conclusions

Disclosures

Fatourechi V

Safer JD

Findings

36. Ellison DH