Abstract
Powdery mildew in common oat is caused by <i>Blumeria graminis</i> DC. f.sp. <i>avenae</i> Em. Marchal. Host-pathogen tests are commonly used to identify and locate resistance genes to powdery mildew in cereals. The aim of the study was to determine the virulence of powdery mildew isolates obtained from powdery mildew populations harvested in Poland and to identify OMR1, OMR2 and OMR3 resistance genes to powdery mildew in F<sub>2</sub> populations of inter-cultivar hybrids of common oat: Bruno × Fuchs, Jumbo × Fuchs and Mostyn × Fuchs. On the basis of the analysis conducted, isolates enabling division of the studied populations into groups of resistant and susceptible plants were selected. M10 and M14 isolates were chosen for the population which was obtained from crossbreeding of ‘Bruno’ with ‘Fuchs’; these isolates demonstrated avirulence to Bruno cultivar containing OMR1 gene. In order to divide population obtained from crossbreeding of ‘Jumbo’ with ‘Fuchs’, M13 and M16 isolates were chosen; they demonstrated avirulence to the cultivar Jumbo containing the OMR2 gene. On the basis of the tests conducted, it was impossible to select isolates characterised by avirulence to the OMR3 gene. In the F2 population of Bruno × Fuchs and Jumbo × Fuchs hybrids, a division was made into resistant and susceptible plants. The obtained results were verified by the <sup>2</sup> test; the proportion in the dispersion matching model was found to be 3 resistant plants: 1 sensitive plant both in the Bruno × Fuchs and Jumbo × Fuchs populations. Such dispersion indicated that the resistance to powdery mildew in the studied cultivars Bruno and Jumbo was conditioned by single dominant genes.
Highlights
Powdery mildew on cereals is a disease caused by a parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (Borec - k i, 2001)
The aim of the study was to determine the virulence of isolates of powdery mildew obtained from powdery mildew populations harvested in Poland and to identify OMR1, OMR2 and OMR3 resistance genes in F2 populations of inter-cultivar hybrids of oat: Bruno × Fuchs, Jumbo × Fuchs and Mostyn
Materials used in the study were the following cultivars of common oat (Avena sativa L.): Bruno containing the OMR1 resistance gene to powdery mildew, Jumbo containing the OMR2 gene, Mostyn containing the OMR3 gene, and Fuchs lacking resistance genes to powdery mildew, which were parent components in inter-cultivar crosses and F2 generation hybrids: Bruno
Summary
Powdery mildew on cereals is a disease caused by a parasitic fungus Blumeria graminis (Borec - k i , 2001). This pathogen is characterised by high parasitic specialization: the specific fungus breed affects only one cereal species. Powdery mildew is a worldwide disease; it is predominant in regions which are characterised by the cold and humid climate (Roderick et al 2000). The ability to infect plants within a wide range of temperatures and humidity constitutes an important epidemiological property of powdery mildew. High genetic changeability and the ability to generate new forms by mutations and DNA recombinations make this pathogen adaptable to new conditions (Bennet , 1984; Bayles , 1997)
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