Derivations of matrix semirings

Abstract

It is well known that if [Formula: see text] is a derivation in semiring [Formula: see text], then in the semiring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text], the map [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for any matrix [Formula: see text] is a derivation. These derivations are used in matrix calculus, differential equations, statistics, physics and engineering and are called hereditary derivations. On the other hand (in sense of [Basic Algebra II (W. H. Freeman & Company, 1989)]) [Formula: see text]-derivation in matrix semiring [Formula: see text] is a [Formula: see text]-linear map [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. We prove that if [Formula: see text] is a commutative additively idempotent semiring any [Formula: see text]-derivation is a hereditary derivation. Moreover, for an arbitrary derivation [Formula: see text] the derivation [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is of a special type, called inner derivation (in additively, idempotent semiring). In the last section of the paper for a noncommutative semiring [Formula: see text] a concept of left (right) Ore elements in [Formula: see text] is introduced. Then we extend the center [Formula: see text] to the semiring LO[Formula: see text] of left Ore elements or to the semiring RO[Formula: see text] of right Ore elements in [Formula: see text]. We construct left (right) derivations in these semirings and generalize the result from the commutative case.