Derivation of predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for marine environmental risk assessment: Application of different approaches to the model contaminant Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates (LAS) in a site-specific environment

Abstract

Four sediment-dwelling marine organisms were exposed to sediments spiked with increasing concentrations of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS). The selected endpoint mortality was reported daily and acute LC 50 (96 h), as well as final LC 10 values were calculated for the derivation of environmentally safe predicted no effect concentrations (PNEC) for the sediment compartment. PNECs were estimated by both application of assessment factors (AF) and the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM) as proposed by the EU TGD. Finally, environmental risk assessment in a site-specific environment, the Sancti Petri Channel, South Iberian Peninsula, was carried out at three different sampling stations with known environmental LAS concentrations. PNECs obtained by the assessment factor approach with acute toxicity data were one to two orders of magnitude lower than those from the equilibrium partitioning method. On the other hand, when applying lower AFs to the estimated LC 10 values, the PNECs obtained by both approaches were more similar. Environmental risk assessment carried out with the estimated PNECs in a site specific environment with known sediment LAS concentrations revealed that PNECs obtained with acute toxicity data were over conservative whereas those obtained with AF = 10 on LC 10 data and EPM produced more realistic results in accordance with field observations carried out in the study area.