Abstract
A dereplication strategy using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, the HMAI method, and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of five main steroidal saponins (1–5), including three previously unknown compounds named macroacanthosides A–C (3–5), in a bioactive fraction of Agave macroacantha. The major saponins were isolated, and some of them together with the saponin-rich fraction were then evaluated for phytotoxicity on a standard target species, Lactuca sativa. The inhibition values exhibited by the pure compounds were confirmed to be in agreement with the phytotoxicity of the saponin-rich fraction, which suggests that the saponin fraction could be applied successfully as an agrochemical without undergoing any further costly and/or time-consuming purification processes. The NMR data of the pure compounds as well as of those corresponding to the same compounds in the fraction were comparable, which indicated that the main saponins could be identified by means of this replication workflow and that no standards are required.
Highlights
A dereplication strategy using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, the heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) method for aglycone identification (HMAI) method, and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of five main steroidal saponins (1−5), including three previously unknown compounds named macroacanthosides A−C (3−5), in a bioactive fraction of Agave macroacantha
HPLC-MS techniques are required to be complemented by NMR spectroscopy to attain an unambiguous and precise determination of a given compound structure
A saponin-enriched fraction from A. macroacantha was obtained by solid phase extraction (SPE) using a Strata-X 33 μm polymeric reversed-phase cartridge applied to the organic phase of an initial extraction from the dried plant material obtained using a biphasic solvent
Summary
A dereplication strategy using UPLC-QTOF/MSE, the HMAI method, and NMR spectroscopy led to the identification of five main steroidal saponins (1−5), including three previously unknown compounds named macroacanthosides A−C (3−5), in a bioactive fraction of Agave macroacantha. HMBC correlations that were observed for the signal at 0.88 ppm were assigned to the C-19 methyl and were in agreement with the functionalization proposed for the m/z 605.33 fragment ion, involving the hydroxy group with an α configuration at C-2.
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