Abstract
Canine mammary tumors (CMT) represent the most common cancer in noncastrated female dogs. Interestingly, triple-negative tumors are the most common molecular subtype in female dogs. In this study, we proposed to evaluate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and microvascular density (MVD) in a group of metastatic and nonmetastatic triple-negative CMT and compare the expression based on clinical parameters. Twenty-six female dogs with triple-negative mammary tumors were divided into three groups: nonmetastatic tumors (NMT) (n = 11), tumors with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (n = 10), and tumors with lung metastasis (LM) (n = 5). We observed increased VEGFR-2 expression in LNM compared with NMT and a positive correlation between tumor grade and VEGFR-2 expression. A positive correlation was noted between VEGFR-2 and PDGFR expression. Regarding microvascular density (MVD), we identified a higher number of vessels in primary tumors with lymph node metastasis and lung metastasis compared with tumors with no metastasis. The primary tumors with lung metastasis exhibited an increased MVD compared with carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Overall, our results suggest a deregulation of VEGFR-2 and PDGFR and high MVD in metastatic tumors, indicating a role for angiogenesis in tumor progression.
Highlights
Canine mammary tumors (CMT) are the most common tumor in noncastrated female dogs with a variable clinical behavior [1]
The recent Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) estimates of cancer presented an expectation of 2,093,876 new cases of breast cancer (BC) worldwide and 626,679 deaths related to BC [5]
Regarding microvascular density (MVD) (Figure 3), we identified an increased number of vessels in primary tumors with with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0151) and lung metastasis (p = 0.0046) compared with tumors with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0151) and lung metastasis (p = 0.0046) compared with tumors with no no metastasis
Summary
Canine mammary tumors (CMT) are the most common tumor in noncastrated female dogs with a variable clinical behavior [1]. The incidence rates for CMT depend on the geographic origin given that it is a tumor with higher prevalence in countries where castration is not routinely performed [2]. In Brazil, the prevalence of CMT in intact female dogs is approximately 28% to 45% of all tumors in dogs [3,4]. CMTs resemble human breast cancer (BC), and dogs represent an interesting model. The recent Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) estimates of cancer presented an expectation of 2,093,876 new cases of BC worldwide and 626,679 deaths related to BC [5]
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