Abstract
Parallel and massive sequencing of total RNA samples derived from different samples are possible thanks to the use of NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) technologies. This allowed characterizing the transcriptomic profile of both cell and tissue populations, increasing the knowledge of the molecular pathological processes of complex diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Among the NDs, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is caused by the progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs), and, to date, the diagnosis is often made by exclusion because there is no specific symptomatologic picture. For this reason, it is important to search for biomarkers that are clinically useful for carrying out a fast and accurate diagnosis of ALS. Thanks to various studies, it has been possible to propose several molecular mechanisms associated with the disease, some of which include the action of non-coding RNA, including circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs which will be discussed in the present review. The evidence analyzed in this review highlights the importance of conducting studies to better characterize the different ncRNAs in the disease to use them as possible diagnostic, prognostic, and/or predictive biomarkers of ALS and other NDs.
Highlights
The accessibility to plenty of data concerning transcriptional factors, non-coding RNAs, RNA editing, alternative splicing represented a crucial milestone for improving the knowledge of complex disorders (Liu et al, 2017)
Several studies and experiments showed that the alteration of RNA metabolism, function, structure and localization of both coding and non-coding RNAs are involved in the onset and progression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (Zucca et al, 2019)
It is important to note that recent studies showed that long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and mRNA can compete for binding to miRNAs and this interaction can play a role in different diseases, including ALS (Liu et al, 2021)
Summary
Received: 28 September 2021 Accepted: 16 November 2021 Published: 02 December 2021. Citation: Ruffo P, Strafella C, Cascella R, Caputo V, Conforti FL, Andò S and Giardina E (2021) Deregulation of ncRNA in Neurodegenerative Disease: Focus on circRNA, lncRNA and miRNA in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Parallel and massive sequencing of total RNA samples derived from different samples are possible thanks to the use of NGS ( Generation Sequencing) technologies This allowed characterizing the transcriptomic profile of both cell and tissue populations, increasing the knowledge of the molecular pathological processes of complex diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Among the NDs, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is caused by the progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs), and, to date, the diagnosis is often made by exclusion because there is no specific symptomatologic picture. For this reason, it is important to search for biomarkers that are clinically useful for carrying out a fast and accurate diagnosis of ALS.
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