Deregulation of Circular RNAs in Cancer From the Perspectives of Aberrant Biogenesis, Transport and Removal.

Qiongqiong Wu,Minghua Wu,Peiyao Li,Qiang Liu

doi:10.3389/fgene.2019.00016

Qiongqiong Wu, Minghua Wu + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00016

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Abstract

CircRNAs (circular RNAs) are a class of RNAs generated from circularization with multiple novel functions. Recent studies have revealed the aberrant expression and aberrant functions of circRNAs in various tumors; thus, circRNAs have been recognized as promising cancer biomarkers. However, the underlying mechanisms behind their aberrant expression and functions remain unclear. In this review, we discuss at length the cancer-specific deregulation of circRNAs and the potential underlying aberrant events in circRNA biogenesis, localization and removal in cancer cells.

Highlights

CircRNAs are a type of RNA in eukaryotes that are spared from exonucleolytic degradation by RNase R given their circular structures and subsequent lack of accessibility of RNase to 3 and 5 ends
We focus on the new advances in the abnormal expression and functions of circular RNA (circRNA) in cancers, which may account for tumorigenesis and progression
CircRNA Deregulation and Its Mechanisms in Cancer of studies have emerged to reveal how circRNAs alter the behavior of tumor cells, but there are no reports on the mechanisms responsible for their abnormal expression

Summary

Introduction

CircRNAs are a type of RNA in eukaryotes that are spared from exonucleolytic degradation by RNase R given their circular structures and subsequent lack of accessibility of RNase to 3 and 5 ends. CircRNA Deregulation and Its Mechanisms in Cancer of studies have emerged to reveal how circRNAs alter the behavior of tumor cells, but there are no reports on the mechanisms responsible for their abnormal expression. In addition to disruption of these four functions (that is, as miRNA sponges, in transcription regulation, in protein binding and translation into proteins), circRNAs have the potential to be retro-transcribed and inserted back into the genome to function as competitive RNA (Dong et al, 2016).

Results

Conclusion