Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders caused by aging. Alzheimer discussed his findings on the brain pathology and symptoms of presenile dementia publicly on 3 November 1906, at the Tubingen meeting of the Southwest German Psychiatrists. The attendees at this lecture seemed uninterested in what he had to say. Following the lecture, Alzheimer published a short paper summarizing his lecture; in 1907 he wrote a larger paper detailing the disease and his findings. Kraepelin first named the disease as Alzheimer's disease in Handbook of Psychiatry in the chapter on Presenile and Senile Dementia in 1910. Dr. Alois Alzheimer, characterized the disorder with the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary triangle (NFT) in the patient’s brain. Recently, studies exhibit that miRNA plays a role in moderating expression of the AD-related genes as well as subsequent phenotypic manifestation. Additionally, a number of studies indicate that miRNA is deregulated in AD human brain. In this review we focused on three aspects of the roles of miRNAs in the development of the Alzheimer’s disease: 1) During the progress of the disease, miRNA’s expression mutates and plays a pathological impact on the pathogenesis. Therefore, identifying and analyzing the expression of the microRNA will provide an insight on the pathogenic. 2) Since a single miRNA may have multiple gene targets in Alzheimer’s disease it is necessary to identify differently expressed miRNAs (DEM) and differently expressed genes (DEG). 3) Since miRNA’s target multiple genes through pathways, they make complex regulatory networks, and search of such networks allows better understanding and modeling the biological system of the disease.
Highlights
Alzheimer discussed first time his findings on the brain pathology and symptoms of presenile dementia publicly on 3 November 1906, at the Tübingen meeting of the Southwest German Psychiatrists
The disease would not become known as Alzheimer's disease until 1910, when Kraepelin named it so in the chapter on "Presenile and Senile Dementia" in the 8th edition of his Handbook of Psychiatry
Alzheimer’s disease
Summary
Alzheimer discussed first time his findings on the brain pathology and symptoms of presenile dementia publicly on 3 November 1906, at the Tübingen meeting of the Southwest German Psychiatrists. There are currently a wide range of bioinformatics tools that allow managing of miRNAs data flow Throughout these tools, we are able to predict miRNA targets, validate miRNA findings, analysis of miRNA expression, identify regulatory networks of associated miRNAs, investigating metabolic and signaling pathway miRNA interplay and linking miRNAs to associated diseases [12, 13]. Due to miRNA’s role in targeting multiple genes and pathways, this allows multiple miRNA to make up a complex regulatory network. By constructing such networks it allows better understanding of modeling the biological system and the disease [12,13, 14]
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