Dercum's disease: A rare adipose tissue disorder

Abstract

IntroductionDercum's disease, or adiposis dolorosa, is a rare medical disorder characterized by chronic, debilitating pain in adipose tissue accompanied by subcutaneous lumps. This case report highlights the diverse clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies of Dercum's disease. Case presentationWe present a 40-year-old male with a 12-year history of subcutaneous growths, initially painless. Over the past year, two enlarging nodules on the back and forearm led to discomfort and occasionally elevated body temperature. Physical examination revealed tender nodules with no skin changes. Ultrasound confirmed subcutaneous lipomas. A diagnosis of Dercum's disease was established, guiding the management approach with pain relief and modalities like liposuction and lipectomy for problematic nodules. DiscussionDercum's disease's epidemiology remains unclear, listed as a disease of unknown prevalence. Imaging modalities, particularly ultrasound, play a crucial role in diagnosis, offering cost-effectiveness and safety. Differential diagnoses include lipedema, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, and familial multiple lipomatosis, necessitating careful clinical assessment. No correlation with malignancy has been reported. The complexity of Dercum's disease underscores the importance of thorough evaluations to differentiate it from related adipose tissue disorders. ConclusionIn conclusion, Dercum's disease presents a challenge due to its rarity, diagnostic complexity, and varied clinical manifestations. Beyond chronic pain, its association with obesity, joint issues, and metabolic changes emphasizes the need for comprehensive management. Despite ongoing research, the exact etiology remains elusive, warranting continued efforts for awareness, understanding, and improved therapeutic strategies. As medical awareness grows, collaborative research can enhance the knowledge and care of individuals afflicted by Dercum's disease.