Der Kampf um Rohstoffe im Völkerrecht

Abstract

This text is an only slightly modified version of the Herbert Kruger Memorial Lecture that I held upon invitation of the Arbeitskreis Uberseeische Verfassungsvergleichung on 4 July 2014 at Bucerius Law School in Hamburg. My point of departure is the observation that even though the economic exploitation of natural resources triggers a multitude of distribution conflicts, international and transnational law treat these conflicts inadequately. While the New International Economic Order had as one of its objectives distributional justice between resource exporting poor states (former colonies) and resource importing high income states (mostly former imperial powers) its demands were never fully realized. Instead a transnational economic law emerged which can be interpreted as itself establishing a distribution order -- albeit a distribution order that is not oriented towards distributional justice, but rather posits the market as the best distribution device. This distribution order has depoliticized and deterritorialized distribution conflicts between resource exporting and resource importing states and has secured – through the promotion of privatizations, protection of foreign investments and dismantling of trade barriers – access to resources for the resource importing states. At the same time it has freed importing states from responsibility for the harms that accrue from resource exploitation to the resource exporting states and their populations. I call in this text for a repoliticization of distribution conflicts at the international as well as the (trans)national level, a repoliticization that may be achieved not only through the reform of political, but also economic institutions.