Der integrative Prozess in der Psychotherapie: Methodenvielfalt - Synergismus, Integration

Abstract

Combining different psychotherapeutic techniques becomes more and more popular. Ever so often there is no valid concept behind such combinations. There is a conviction underlying the paper that many psychotherapeutic concepts that pretend to be integrative are not and that a theory of a true integration has not been outlined yet. The paper starts by defining different types of combinations: the non-discriminative application of a variety of methods, eclecticism, modular techniques, synergism and integration. Integration is the final stage in an integrative process. This process depends on a variety of factors: a high motivation to cooperate, a curiosity as to the other's abilities, a thorough knowledge of the co-operant's concept, a respect for the other's 'otherness' and the willingness to give up omnipotent therapeutic approaches. ― Integrative processes have not an end in themselves; they will be successful in so far as they respond to clinical necessities or challenges. They need to be initiated by someone, and it is important whether the motivation is intrinsic or extrinsic. Finally, the integration of different approaches to psychotherapy calls for a metatheory that is able to encompass all. Empirical criteria to assess the integrative process properly are given. Integrative processes are illustrated by two examples, the combination of psychopharmacology and psychotherapy and by the synergistic psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder.