Abstract
Abstract In 1911, Carl Jatho (1851-1913), Protestant pastor in Cologne, was removed from office by a special board of the Prussian united church. From 1903, he had preached more and more in an unconventional, pantheistic and monistic way. He was supported by a large number of middle-class parishioners, including many from other parishes, but many others were critical of him. Jatho's case raised and still raises the question of the limits of doctrinal liberty in Protestantism. Even today, Jatho is seen by some as a victim of an authoritarian, orthodox church regime. In reality, as was noted at the time even by outside observers, he not only abandoned basic essentials of Christianity but also sought to justify his message by misappropriating contemporary academic discussions (Adolf von Harnack).
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