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Abstract
The effectiveness of the freshwater bivalve Batissa violacea depuration was tested in closed and open water circulatory system over a 48 h period. The closed circulatory system included a sand biofilter. Microbial levels were assessed every 4 h using Total Aerobic Plate Count (TPC) for heterotrophs and Most Probable Number (MPN) for coliforms. TPC and coliform loads in bivalve tissue reduced rapidly to low and undetectable levels in a closed circulatory system while open system showed a slower reduction. Both TPC and coliform loads remained above detectable levels throughout the depuration period. Closed system showed similar patterns of logarithmic reduction of TPC and coliforms in all cases with R2>0.95 and p<0.001. Similar results were observed for tank water however, reduction of TPC and coliforms were slower. Biofilm formation was observed in the interior walls of the aquarium tanks over 48 h in all cases. Physicochemical parameters did not show any significant change. The reduction in TPC and coliform load in B. violacea suggests that biofilter in a closed water circulatory system is a simple, cost-effective, water conserving and effective way to significantly reduce the spoilage and coliform bacterial load that is accumulated in the clams.
Highlights
Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have a large proportion of populations residing near natural water bodies including the coastal and river systems (Andrew et al 2019)
Total Aerobic Plate Count (TPC) and coliform loads were much higher for trial 3 compared to trials 1 and 2
TPC and coliform load of sediment was significantly higher than water from the site for all three trials (p
Summary
Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have a large proportion of populations residing near natural water bodies including the coastal and river systems (Andrew et al 2019). These populations generally have heavy socio-economic and subsistence dependence on these coastal resources from these sources including Fiji (Waqalevu 2015; Andrew et al 2019). Bivalves accumulate heavy metal toxins and various pathogens from fecally contaminated natural water during their filter feeding behaviour (Hatha et al 2005a; Botana 2014; Waqalevu 2015). Inappropriate disposal of raw and partially treated sewage into the natural water
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