Abstract
The influence of magnesium doping on the composition and the refractive index profiles of planar Ti:LiNbO3 waveguides is investigated. Y-cut LiNbO3 single crystals have been subsequently doped with titanium and MgO by diffusion. The refractive indices of guided modes were measured by mode spectroscopy, and the concentration profiles by secondary ion mass spectrometry. A substantial reduction in both the ordinary and the extraordinary effective refractive indices is measured after MgO diffusion. While the titanium diffusion results in gaussian profiles, the magnesium distribution is sharply peaked near the surface. This enhanced magnesium concentration is correlated with a strong depletion of lithium, indicating that lithium sites are occupied by diffused magnesium.
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