Depressão pós-parto e autoeficácia materna para amamentar: prevalência e associação

Erika De Sá Vieira Abuchaim,Marina Moraes Di Lucca,Maite Varela,Nathalia Torquato Caldeira,Isília Aparecida Silva

doi:10.1590/1982-0194201600093

Abstract

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a prevalência de sintomas de depressão pós-parto e o nível de autoeficácia para amamentar, entre puérperas atendidas num Centro de Incentivo ao Aleitamento Materno, e analisar possíveis associações. Métodos Estudo transversal com 208 mulheres, até 60 dias pós-parto, submetidas à Escala de Depressão Pós-parto de Edinburgo e à Escala de Autoeficácia para Amamentar. Resultados Sintomas de depressão pós-parto estiveram presentes em 31,25% das mulheres, que apresentaram níveis de autoeficácia para amamentar médio (39,9%) e alto (36,06%). Ter média ou alta autoeficácia diminui em 27,4% ou 38,8%, respectivamente, o escore de depressão, enquanto a elevada pontuação na escala de depressão pós-parto reduz em 11,84 pontos o escore da autoeficácia na amamentação. Conclusão Prevalência elevada de sintomas de depressão pós-parto e de autoeficácia para amamentar foram evidenciados na população estudada. Os níveis de sintomas de depressão pós-parto e de autoeficácia revelaram associação de causa e efeito entre si.

Highlights

The puerperium is recognized as a delicate period in women’s lives because it includes physical and psychic modifications that can directly influence mental health and emotional well-being, raising the risk of developing psychiatric disorders.Postpartum depression (PPD) stands out among the psychiatric disorders affecting women in the puerperal period, with prevalence between 13% and 19% in developed countries.[1]
The findings of Flores-Quijano et al[11] reinforce the aforementioned hypothesis, revealing that PPD tends to impair women’s confidence about their ability to perform the maternal function, and interferes in their behavior and perception on factors associated with their lactational performance, there is a significant shortage of studies investigating the relationship between maternal self-efficacy for breastfeeding and postpartum depression symptoms
In order to identify the symptomatology of postpartum depression in the studied population, the results showed a prevalence of 31.25%, with greater intensity in the symptoms of guilt, anxiety and distress, addressed in statements 03, 04 and 06 of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), respectively

Summary

Introduction

Postpartum depression (PPD) stands out among the psychiatric disorders affecting women in the puerperal period, with prevalence between 13% and 19% in developed countries.[1] Studies show higher rates in Brazil, with prevalence ranging between 7.2% and 39.4% in the cities of Recife and Vitória respectively.[2,3]. The main risk factors for developing PPD are the following: inadequate or non-existent family and social support, women’s psychiatric history, intense anxiety, previous depressive episodes, infertility, history of gestational loss, and negative feelings about gestation or the baby. The findings of Flores-Quijano et al[11] reinforce the aforementioned hypothesis, revealing that PPD tends to impair women’s confidence about their ability to perform the maternal function, and interferes in their behavior and perception on factors associated with their lactational performance, there is a significant shortage of studies investigating the relationship between maternal self-efficacy for breastfeeding and postpartum depression symptoms.

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion