Abstract
Depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment often coexisted in the elderly. This study investigates the effect of late-life depressive symptoms on risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A total of 14,231 dementia- and MCI free participants aged 60+ from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe were followed-up for 10 years to detect incident MCI. MCI was defined as 1.5 standard deviation (SD) below the mean of the standardized global cognition score. Depressive symptoms were assessed by a 12-item Europe-depression scale (EURO-D). Severity of depressive symptoms was grouped as: no/minimal (score 0-3), moderate (score 4-5), and severe (score 6-12). Significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) were defined as EURO-D score ≥ 4. During an average of 8.2 (SD = 2.4)-year follow-up, 1,352 (9.50%) incident MCI cases were identified. SDSs were related to higher MCI risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.10-1.44) in total population, individuals aged 70+ (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14-1.61) and women (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08-1.51) in Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for confounders. In addition, there was a dose-response association between the severity of depressive symptoms and MCI incidence in total population, people aged ≥70 years and women (p-trend <0.001). Significant depressive symptoms were associated with higher incidence of MCI in a dose-response fashion, especially among people aged 70+ years and women. Treating depressive symptoms targeting older population and women may be effective in preventing MCI.
Highlights
As life expectancy continues to rise, dementia incidence is exponentially increasing [1]
Using data from a population-based investigation, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), the current study aims to address: (a) the influence of significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) on incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI); (b) whether there exists a dose–response association between the severity of depressive symptoms and MCI; and (c) whether these relationships vary by age and gender
Further stratified analysis revealed that the dose–response relationship was only retained among older participants (≥70 years) and women
Summary
As life expectancy continues to rise, dementia incidence is exponentially increasing [1]. This study investigates the effect of late-life depressive symptoms on risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Significant depressive symptoms (SDSs) were defined as EURO-D score ≥ 4. SDSs were related to higher MCI risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.26, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.10–1.44) in total population, individuals aged 70þ (HR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14– 1.61) and women (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.08–1.51) in Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for confounders. There was a dose–response association between the severity of depressive symptoms and MCI incidence in total population, people aged ≥70 years and women (p-trend
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