Abstract
Depression and hypertension are common diseases, and the combination of depression and hypertension is not rare. The association between depression and blood pressure (BP) level has been controversial. In the Three-City Study, depression diagnosed using the Center for Epidemiological Study Depression Scale (CES-D) was shown to be significantly associated with lower BP.1 The association remained significant after adjusting for the subjects’ use of antihypertensive and antidepressant medication. Licht et al.2 also reported that depression is associated with decreased BP. On the other hand, Shar et al. examined 2087 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging,3 and an age-stratified analysis showed that a greater CES-D score was significantly associated with higher average systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP for older adults (58.8 years at first visit). In the same study’s younger age cohort, gender moderated the relationship of CES-D to SBP; higher CES-D scores in women, but lower CES-D scores in men, were associated with higher SBP.
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