Depression in general medical settings. Implications of three health policy studies for consultation-liaison psychiatry.

Abstract

Prepaid or prospective reimbursement has implications for the consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrist. The author reviews results from three health policy studies that indicated 1) degree of reliance on general medical providers for mental health care is not affected by generosity of fee-for-service (FFS) coverage, but is greater in some prepaid health care systems; 2) psychological sickness of depressed outpatients visiting general medical providers is similar across prepaid and FFS systems of care; 3) prepaid care is associated with lower rates of detection of depression and counseling in the general medical sector; 4) depression outcomes in the general medical sector are similar under prepaid or FFS care; 5) quality of care for depressed patients is moderate to low in the general medical sector; and 6) depressed elderly inpatients receive higher quality of psychological care in psychiatric units, but they receive higher quality of physical care in general medical wards. The discussion emphasizes the C-L psychiatrist's role in educating general medical providers, improving outcomes for the sickest patients, and improving psychosocial care in prepaid practices.