Abstract
Multiple studies have examined the age of onset of major depression, indicating it is most frequent in adolescence and young adulthood. In this context, the offspring of depressed parents have a 2 to 4 time increased risk for depression compared with children of non-depressed parents.Treatment for depression in adolescents can be divided into psychosocial, psychopharmacologic, somatic and combined psychosocial-psychopharmacologic, psychosocial-psychosomatic and psychopharmacologic-psychosomatic.Depression in the children and adolescent population has been an area of research for over 20 years. Among novel therapeutic strategies, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has demonstrated the most favorable side effect profile. Until this time there are no published suicide attempts associated with this treatment and it may offer an option that is not associated with stigma of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) or medications. Further research may provide more access to this therapy and hope to children, adolescents with depression and their families.
Highlights
Current Treatment Strategies Treatment for depression in adolescents can be divided into psychosocial, psychopharmacologic, somatic and combined psychosocial-psy-chopharmacologic, psychosocial-psychosomatic and psychopharmacologic-psychosomatic.Psychosocial Treatment Strategies The majority of psychosocial treatment studies focus on intervention trials with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Antidepressants The Treatment of Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) sponsored by the National Institutes of Mental Health is the largest multicenter study to evaluate the effectiveness of four different treatment strategies for adolescents with major depressive disorder
The results of this study indicate that combined treatment with CBT and fluoxetine were superior to CBT or fluoxetine used alone or placebo
Summary
Current Treatment Strategies Treatment for depression in adolescents can be divided into psychosocial, psychopharmacologic, somatic and combined psychosocial-psy-chopharmacologic, psychosocial-psychosomatic and psychopharmacologic-psychosomatic.Psychosocial Treatment Strategies The majority of psychosocial treatment studies focus on intervention trials with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Psychopharmacological Treatments There are a limited number of blinded, randomized, controlled trials with psychopharmacological agents for depression in the child and adolescent population. The only medications that have demonstrated safety and efficacy in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for children and adolescents with MDD are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
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