Depression and panic: Comorbidity

Abstract

Panic disorder is a common condition. Epidemiological studies throughout the world consistently indicate that the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) is between 1.5% and 3.5%. Panic disorder shows substantial comorbidity with other forms of mental illness. Major depressive disorder occurs in 50 to 65% of individuals with panic disorder and there is considerable cross-sectional and longitudinal comorbidity with recurrent brief depression and dysthymia. Phobic anxiety disorders, most notably social phobia and generalised anxiety disorder, commonly occur with panic disorder, especially in individuals with more severe agoraphobia. Approximately 35 to 50% of individuals with panic disorder in community settings also have agoraphobia. Panic disorder also shows significant comorbidity with physical illness. Compared with individuals without or with some other psychiatric diagnosis, patients with panic disorder have an increased risk of suffering from multiple medically unexplained symptoms and are associated with high use of medical services and increased mortality from both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.