Abstract
The prevalence of depression varies from 1 to 17% in different geographic regions, and its incidence is 70% higher in women than men. Today, depression affects more than 300 million people worldwide, affecting twice as many women from adolescence to adulthood. In addition to this earlier onset, depression in women tends to be more severe. Cardiovascular disease and depression are chronic diseases that have a major impact on cardiovascular and all-cause morbidity and mortality, with evidence of a two-way [...]
Highlights
Depression is a psychiatric condition characterized by changes in the regulation of mood, behavior, and affection.[1]
Depression was associated with up to 53% increases in cardiovascular costs during the follow‐up period.[6]. This association was more evident among women without significant coronary artery disease (CAD), suggesting that depression may cause higher costs in women without conventional markers of cardiac disease.[6]
Several studies have demonstrated that depression is a risk factor and a prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in both sexes, but with particularities related to female sex.[8,9,10,11,12]
Summary
Maria Alayde Mendonça Rivera,[1,2] Ivan Romero Rivera,[1,2] Walkiria Avila,[3] Celi Marques-Santos,[4] Francisco Assis Costa,[1] Carlos Romério Ferro,[1] Jose Maria Gonçalves Fernandes[1]. Universidade Federal de Alagoas,[1] Maceió, AL – Brazil Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Maceió,[2] AL – Brazil Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP),[3] São Paulo, SP – Brazil Universidade Tiradentes,[4] Aracaju, SE – Brazil
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