Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Prospective Study Before and After Liver Transplantation

Abstract

Timely identification of possible psychiatric symptoms and/or disorders, such as depression and anxiety, in liver cirrhosis and liver transplant patients is important. This study aimed to determine whether patients with both liver cirrhosis and liver transplantation have depression and anxiety symptoms and, if so, to determine the relationship of these symptoms with the stage of the liver disease and other conditions. Ninety patients with liver cirrhosis and 31 who underwent liver transplantation for liver cirrhosis were included in the study. Patients were divided into 4 groups. Patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis were group 1, patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis were group 2, patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis were group 3, and transplanted patients were group 4. All patient groups answered Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory questionnaires. Depression and anxiety scores were similar in patients who underwent liver transplantation and in the Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B groups. The lowest depression score was observed in the Child-Pugh A group. This was not statistically different from the patients in the liver transplantation group (3.19 ± 3.487, 7.13 ± 7.822, P > .05). Depression and anxiety scores were statistically higher in the Child-Pugh C group (25.55 ± 8.878, 21.66 ± 11.053, and 25.55 ± 8.878, respectively; P < .001), and depression and anxiety scores increased as the cirrhosis stage increased. In patients with Child-Pugh C liver cirrhosis, evaluation for symptoms of anxiety and depression is strongly recommended.