Depression and Anxiety Are Associated with Physical Performance in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Maaya Sakamoto,Yuiko Yano,Kanta Fujimi,Masaomi Fujita,Reiko Teshima,Koji Kaino,Yasunori Suematsu,Takuro Matsuda,Shin-Ichiro Miura,Rie Tazawa

doi:10.3390/jcdd9010021

Abstract

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) combined with stress management training has been shown to be associated with fewer clinical events than CR alone. However, there have been no reports on the associations of CR with the psychological condition and detailed physical activities evaluated on the same day. Method: One hundred outpatients who participated in a CR program were graded on the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). We divided them into a high HADS group (n = 32) and a normal HADS group (n = 68) and investigated by whole patients, ischemic heart disease (IHD) patients, and heart failure patients. Results: Overall, the patient age was 70.5 ± 9.6 years, the percentage of males was 73.0%, and the body mass index was 23.4 (21.7–26.0) kg/m2. In the high HADS group, overall functional mobility was poor and the distance in a two-minute walking test was short. Especially in IHD patients, the high HADS group showed high fat mass in body composition and low exercise tolerance and ventilator equivalents in cardiopulmonary exercise test. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety involved poor physical performance in CR outpatients and particularly involved low exercise tolerance in IHD patients. To evaluate accurate physical performance, it is necessary to investigate psychological condition.

Highlights

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a program for cardiovascular patients to improve their cardiovascular prognosis, quality of life, and activities of daily living
CR combined with stress management training has been shown to be associated with fewer clinical events than CR alone [4]
In the analyses of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF) patients, the results were similar to the analyses of whole patients

Summary

Introduction

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a program for cardiovascular patients to improve their cardiovascular prognosis, quality of life, and activities of daily living. To determine the effect of CR combined with psychological intervention, we should know which physical performances are associated with anxiety and depression. To determine accurate association with psychological condition and physical performance, it is better to check both on the same day. There have been few investigations of anxiety, depression, and detailed physical performance tests investigated on the same day. In this study, we investigated the associations of anxiety and depression with the results of detailed physical performance tests in outpatients undergoing CR. There have been no reports on the associations of CR with the psychological condition and detailed physical activities evaluated on the same day. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety involved poor physical performance in CR outpatients and involved low exercise tolerance in IHD patients. To evaluate accurate physical performance, it is necessary to investigate psychological condition

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion