Deposits of Immunoglobulin and Complement in the Pulmonary Tissue of Patients with “Heroin Lung”

Abstract

Pulmonary tissues from six patients who died with a clinical diagnosis of "heroin lung" (heroin-induced pulmonary edema) were examined with the light microscope and electron microscope. Immunofluorescent microscopic analysis revealed multifocal granular alveolar septal deposits of IgM in all patients, C3 complement in five patients, IgG in four patients, fibrinogen in three patients, and IgA in two patients. IgM, IgG, IgA, and C3 complement were eluted from the lungs of these addicts with citrate buffer with a low pH. No deposition of albumin was found in any of the specimens. These findings are believed to represent the first report of immune complexes in the alveolar capillary membrane in patients with heroin-induced pulmonary edema. Electron-microscopic studies revealed a proteinaceous plasma-like fluid in the alveolar spaces, thereby confirming the heroin induced pulmonary edema. Mechanisms of transport of edematous fluids from alveolar capillaries to alveolar spaces in lungs from heroin addicts are considered.