Depositional Episodes: Their Relation to Quaternary Sea-Level Fluctuations in Gulf Coast Region: ABSTRACT

Abstract

The stratigraphic record yields evidence that each episode of clastic deposition has been of limited duration and that each has been preceded and followed by a significant hiatus. Evidence for alternations of deposition and nondeposition is readily apparent in the landward part of Pleistocene sequences along the Gulf Coast because of the glacioeustatic changes in sea level. Evidence of alternations, although elusive, exists also in the basinward part of the sequences. The concept of depositional episodes explains the significance and relation of these alternating conditions throughout the basin for clastic Pleistocene sequences. A depositional episode is the duration of time required for the sedimentation of a depositional sequence. The depositional sequence attributed to each depositional episode is composed of several discrete facies sequences. A facies sequence consists of either a single delta lobe within a deltaic complex or one of the several repetitive facies sequences deposited in an interdeltaic environment. Each depositional sequence indicates three phases of development. Deposits of the initial phase record a stillstand of the sea during which each of the rivers entering the basin prograded a succession of delta lobes and interdeltaic facies sequences. The second phase of development is recorded by the intercalation End_Page 2035------------------------------ of clastic and organic floodplain deposits which accumulated on the newly formed coastal plain. The terminal phase is documented by sediments deposited during a period of instability when a marine transgression either continuously or intermittently forced estuarine conditions on the rivers entering the basin. Throughout the terminal transgression the finite zone of active deposition adjacent to the shoreline was shifted landward. Basinward of this active zone of deposition, hiatal conditions existed, and at the instant of maximum transgression, when the depositional episode was terminated, all points on the hiatal surface were synchronous. The bounding surfaces of depositional sequences represent natural stratigraphic breaks and are related to hiatal conditions imposed by marine transgressions. Within the Quaternary section, the repetitive alternation of depositional episodes and significant hiatuses is due to the glacioeustatic fluctuations of sea level. As a result, worldwide correlations of the Pleistocene sequences and hiatuses can be made. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2036------------